Abstract Introduction Invasive fungal diseases represent important causes of morbidity and mortality among pediatric oncohematological patients. Acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is a rare and aggressive disease that occurs mainly in immunocompromised patients. The mortality rate is high and therefore, accurate and early diagnosis is essential. Objectives The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis among pediatric oncohematological patients and characterize them with confirmed diagnoses. Methods This was a retrospective study that analyzed the medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed with oncohematological diseases and suspected fungal infections, who were included after obtaining informed consent, from January to December 2017, in the pediatric unit of a tertiary university hospital. Data collected from medical record analysis included the following: underlying diagnosis, absolute neutrophil count, clinical presentation, culture and biopsy results, surgical procedures performed, survival and mortality. Results A total of 27 patients were evaluated, with three suspected cases of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. Histopathological and microbiological analyses confirmed two cases. In both cases, the pathogen isolated in the culture was Fusarium sp. The two confirmed cases were female, aged 12 and 14 years, both with an absolute neutrophil count of 10 cells/μL. The underlying disease of the first patient was acute myeloid leukemia (subtype M5), whereas the second patient presented idiopathic bone marrow aplasia. Conclusion Both confirmed cases of acute invasive fungal rhinosinusitis presented with constitutional symptoms and signs of nasal and sinusital inflammation. This demonstrates the importance of fever as a symptom in immunocompromised patients and it should prompt otorhinolaryngological investigation.

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: O Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) está entre os principais instrumentos na avaliação da qualidade de vida dos pacientes com rinossinusite crônica, com versão validada no Brasil. A polipose nasossinusal eosinofílica (PNSE) representa a maioria dos casos de polipose nasossinusal (85% a 90%) e pertence ao grande grupo das rinossinusites crônicas. É uma doença inflamatória crônica que impacta sobremaneira a qualidade de vida (QV) dos pacientes, não só pelos sintomas locais, mas também por resultarem em um quadro de mal-estar geral. Os tratamentos padronizados (corticosteroides e cirurgia endoscópica nasal) levam ao controle parcial dos sintomas e as recidivas são frequentes. Os macrolídeos usados como imunomoduladores são uma promissora ferramenta para um controle mais eficaz dessa doença. Ainda faltam estudos para avaliar o real impacto na QV dos pacientes tratados com macrolídeos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a melhora da QV do paciente portador de PNSE tratado com azitromicina em dose imunomoduladora baseando-se questionário SNOT-22. MÉTODO: Trata-se de estudo experimental autopareado em pacientes com PNSE. Foi realizada a comparação dos pacientes pré-tratamento e pós-tratamento com azitromicina. Os pacientes preencheram o questionário SNOT-22 antes do início do tratamento e no retorno após as oito semanas de tratamento. Foi prescrita azitromicina na dose de 500 mg, VO, três vezes por semana, durante 8 semanas. RESULTADOS: O valor do índice SNOT-22 dos pacientes reduziu 20,3 pontos, em média. Houve diminuição significativa do SNOT-22 (diferença maior que 14 pontos) em 19 pacientes (57,6%). Não houve uma diferença significativa na melhora do SNOT nos subgrupos com ou sem asma/intolerância à aspirina. CONCLUSÃO: A azitromicina resultou em melhora significativa da QV, avaliada pelo questionário SNOT-22, na população estudada.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: The Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) is an important tool in assessing the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with a validated version in Brazil. The eosinophilic nasal polyposis (ENP) represents most of the cases of nasal polyposis (85-90%) and belongs to the group of chronic rhinosinusitis. It is a chronic inflammatory disease that impacts the QoL of patients, not only causing localized symptoms, but also resulting in a general malaise. The standard treatments (corticosteroids and nasal endoscopic surgery) lead to partial control of symptoms, but relapses are frequent. Macrolide acting as an immunomodulator is a promising tool for more effective control of this disease. Studies are still lacking to assess the real impact on the QoL in patients treated with macrolides. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the improvement of QL, evaluated using SNOT-22, in patients with PNSE treated with immunomodulatory dose azithromycin. METHODS: This is a paired experimental study in patients with ENP. Comparison of pre-treatment and post-treatment with azithromycin was performed. Patients completed the SNOT-22 questionnaire before the start of treatment and returned for evaluation after eight weeks of treatment. Azithromycin was prescribed at a dose of 500 mg, orally, three times a week, for 8 weeks. RESULTS: SNOT-22 score decreased 20.3 points on average. There was a significant decrease in the SNOT-22 (difference greater than 14 points) in 19 patients (57.6%). There was no significant difference in improvement in SNOT in subgroups with or without asthma/aspirin intolerance. CONCLUSION: Azithromycin resulted in significant improvement of QoL, assessed by SNOT-22, in the studied population.

Introdução: A cirurgia estética e reconstrutora têm por objetivo a utilizacão de procedimentos cirúrgicos para alcancar melhora estética e funcional. Pode ser utilizada para lesões traumáticas, congénitas ou de desenvolvimento. A Medicina, com ênfase na plástica facial, obteve avancos nas mais diversas áreas, inclusive na rinoplastia, permitindo bons resultados a longo prazo e maior satisfacão dos pacientes. Objetivo: Avaliar a casuística do setor de rinoplastia e suas subdivisões em um centro de referência. Compreender a relevância do ensino das técnicas de rinoplastia em um servico de residência médica de otorrinolaringologia. Método: Estudo retrospectivo onde foram analisados 325 rinoplastias, realizadas por médicos residentes do terceiro ano com supervisão dos preceptores responsáveis pelo servico de Cirurgia Plástica da Face desse hospital, no período de janeiro de 2003 a agosto de 2012. O protocolo do serviço foi preenchido com enfoque nas seguintes subdivisões: rinosseptoplastia funcional, estética, pós-traumática, revisional e reconstrutora. Resultados: Das rinoplastias realizadas, 184 (56,21%) foram funcionais, 59 (18,15%) póstraumáticas, 27 (8,30%) estéticas, 15 (4,61%) reconstrutoras e 40 (12,30%) revisionais. Conclusão: As rinosseptoplastias funcionais foram as mais prevalentes, o que mostra a importância do ensino, não somente das técnicas de septoplastias, mas também, da inclusão do aprendizado de técnicas de rinoplastias em centros de ensino.

Introduction: Facial plastic and reconstructive surgery involves the use of surgical procedures to achieve esthetic and functional improvement. It can be used for traumatic, congenital, or developmental injuries. Medicine, with an emphasis on facial plastic surgery, has made progress in several areas, including rhinoplasty, providing good long-term results and higher patient satisfaction. Objective: To evaluate cases of rhinoplasty and its subtypes in a referral center, and to understand the relevance of teaching rhinoplasty techniques in a service of otolaryngology residency. Methods: A retrospective study that assessed 325 rhinoplasties performed by third-year medical residents under the supervision of chief residents in charge of the Service of Facial Plastic Surgery in this hospital was conducted from January of 2003 to August of 2012. The Service Protocol included the following subtypes: functional, esthetic, post-traumatic, revision, and reconstructive rhinoseptoplasty. Results: Of the rhinoplasties performed 184 (56.21%) were functional, 59 (18.15%) were post-traumatic, 27 were (8.30%) esthetic, 15 were (4.61%) reconstructive, and 40 (12.30%) were revision procedures. Conclusion: Functional rhinoseptoplasties were the most prevalent type, which highlights the relevance of teaching surgical techniques, not only for septoplasty, but also the inclusion of rhinoplasty techniques in teaching centers.

Os objetivos deste estudo foram descrever e analisar as medidas timpanométricas obtidas com sonda de 226 e 1000 Hz; verificar correlação da timpanometria com o resultado das emissões otoacústicas e otoscopia; descrever as alterações. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo prospectivo, duplo cego, realizado com 70 bebês, entre 7 dias e 1 mês e 13 dias de vida. Foram realizadas as emissões otoacústicas, otoscopia e timpanometria com sonda de 226 Hz e 1000 Hz. RESULTADOS: Observou-se diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) na correlação entre as medidas timpanométricas analisadas com os dois tons de sonda e na correlação entre o resultado das emissões otoacústicas e a compliância obtida. Foi observada normalidade em todos os exames na maioria dos bebês (94,28%); apenas três (4,28%) foram encaminhados ao diagnóstico audiológico e um bebê (1,42%) apresentou alteração de orelha média confirmada pela otoscopia e timpanometria em 1000 Hz. CONCLUSÕES: A timpanometria realizada com tom sonda de 1000 Hz é a mais recomendada para avaliar bebês até 6 meses de idade. São necessários mais estudos com enfoque nas propriedades mecanoacústicas da orelha média de bebês para que a interpretação de exames com este tom de sonda tenha maior confiabilidade.

This study aimed at describing and analyzing tympanometric results obtained with 226Hz and 1000Hz probe tones; checking for correlations between tympanometry, otoacoustic emissions and otoscopic examination; describing abnormal results found in the evaluation procedures. METHODS: Double-blind and prospective study. Our sample included 70 babies, between 7 days and one month and 13 days of age, without risk indicators for hearing loss, evaluated in the State Neonatal Hearing Screening Program. Transient evoked otoacoustic emissions, otoscopic examination and tympanometry with 226Hz and 1000Hz probe tones were used as assessment tools. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee from the institution. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were observed (p<0.05) in the tympanometric measures correlation and also between transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and compliance obtained with both probe tones. Most test results were within the normal range (94.28%). Three children (4.28%) were referred to diagnostic follow-up and one (1.42%) had middle ear dysfunction confirmed by otoscopy and 1000Hz tympanometry. CONCLUSIONS: 1000Hz tympanometry is the most reliable probe tone used to evaluate children under three months of age. More studies focusing on middle ear acoustics and mechanics are necessary to provide reliable and precise interpretation in the evaluation of middle ear functions in babies.